考试知识点22 关系副词引导的定语从句
高考考试频度：★★★★☆
关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地址或缘由的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用＂介词＋which＂结构替换。
☞I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
我还记得我首次来北京的那天。
2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即便先行词是表示时间、地址和缘由的词仍用which/that。
☞Is this the reason he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?
这是他在会议上讲解的无礼是什么原因吗？
3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地址的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，假如引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；假如不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
☞The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.
媒体常常可以帮助解决问题，把注意力吸引到需要帮助的状况。
关系代词和关系副词的选择
使用方法 | 依据 |
依据从句谓语动词 | 如果是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；如果是不及物动词则用关系副词。 |
依据关系词在从句中作的成分 | 把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词。 |
1.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， __________ she opened with her late husband Les.
【参考答案】where
【答案分析】考查非限制性定语从句。剖析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
2.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）Self-driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
【参考答案】B
【答案分析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一块跑线的范围。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地址状语，故用关系副词where，等于in which。故选B。
3.（2018·新课标II卷·短文改错）They also had a small pond which they raised fish.
【参考答案】which前加in 或which改为where
【考试试题分析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地址状语，故用in which或where。
4.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
【参考答案】C
【答案分析】考查定语从句。句意：大家已经进入到了一个年代，在这个年代梦想达成的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个年代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。
【易错提醒】
当先行词是时间名词时，既能够用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，重点要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：
☛Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?
你还记得大家整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）
☛Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?
你还记得大家在农场一块度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）
5.Experiments with domestic dogs, __________ one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.
A. what B. where C. that D. which
【参考答案】B
【答案分析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没，这表明了它们有一种推荐食物的公平感。剖析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地址状语，表示抽象地址，where等于in which。故选B。
【易错提醒】
1. 当先行词为地址名词时，假如关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：
☛This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房屋。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用which/that，而不需要where）
2. 当position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地址的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。如：
☛It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子们放在一个可以让他们从不同角度看待我们的环境中对他们非常有帮助。
3. 关系副词why指缘由，代替先行词并在定语从句中作缘由状语，其先行词一般是reason。
☛Is this the reason why he refused our help? 这是他拒绝大家帮助的原因吗？
6. Do you know the reason __________ Mary is crying?
A. when B. where C. why D. that
【参考答案】C
【答案分析】句意：你了解玛丽哭是什么原因吗？the reason why...是一个固定句型，why在此引导缘由状语从句，并在从句中作缘由状语，故选C。
【易错提醒】
若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which来引导定语从句。如：
☛I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us. 我坚决不听你给大家的那个理由。（定语从句中缺少宾语，所以要用which/that，而不需要why）
题组一 基础过关
I. 用适合的关系词填空
1. Do you remember the scene ________ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking?
2. I walked up to the TOP of the hill with my friends, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
3. I will never forget the days ________ I was taken good care of in that village.
4. Do you know the reason __________ John is so angry?
5. None of us know the reason ________ Tom was absent from the meeting.
6. The reason ________________ he explained at the meeting for his absence didn’t make sense.
7. I still remember the night ________ she left the house.
8. However, this was a time __________ one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
9. Today we have reached a stage __________ we have almost no rights at all.
10. The days are gone __________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
题组二能力提高
I．单项填空
1.Experiments with domestic dogs, __________one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.
A. what B. where C. that D. which
2.Do you know the reason __________ Mary is crying?
A. when B. where C. why D. that
3.The latest trend is the ＂A4 waist challenge＂__________ women take photos with a A4-sized paper placed in front of their midriffs .
A. which B. where C. when D. as
4. The exact year__________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
A. When B. where C. why D. which
5. Miss Li found herself in an embarrassing position __________ she didn’t know which side she should support.
A. where B. that C. which D. when
6. —Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
—You should try the barber’s __________ I go. It’s only $15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
7. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet __________life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
8. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory __________we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
II．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适合的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its TOP ______________________________.
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I________________________________________allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be ______________________________ given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ________________________________________my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,________________________________________I was the first Western TV reporter________________________________________ to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ______________________________ British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ______________________________ mother. The nursery team switches him every few ______________________________ with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ______________________________other is with mum-she never suspects.
题组三体验考试真题
1.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where C. which D. what
2.（2019·新课标I卷·短文改错）One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
3.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）What students do at college seems to matter much more than __________ they go.
4.（2018·新课标I卷·短文改错）They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
5.Opposite is St. Paul's Church, _________ you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
6. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time__________he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
7. I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
A. when B. where C. which D. why
8. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere __________ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
题组一 基础过关
I. 用适合的关系词填空
1. where 2. where 3. when 4. why
5. why 6. that/which 7. when 8. when
9. where 10. when
题组二能力提高
I．单项填空
1.B
【分析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没，这表明了它们有一种推荐食物的公平感。剖析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地址状语，等于in which。故选B。
2.C
【分析】句意：你了解玛丽哭是什么原因吗？the reason why...是一个固定句型，why在此引导缘由状语从句，并在从句中作缘由状语，故选C。
3.B
【分析】考查定语从句。句意：最新的趋势是A4腰挑战。女人把A4纸放在上腹部前面然后拍照。先行词是＂A4 waist challenge＂，表示抽象的地址，定语从句中缺少地址状语，故用关系副词where来引导定语从句，B项正确。
4. D
【分析】句意：Angela和家人一块在中国度过的那年是2008年。这句话用了定语从句，先行词是the exact year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，而不可以用关系副词。所以选D。
5. A
【分析】先行词是an embarrassing position，所填词在后面的定语从句中作地址状语，故用where引导。
6. C
【分析】答句前句句意为：——你应该去我去的那家美容美发店试试看看。where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作状语，并替代先行词the barber’s。其余选项不可以在定语从句中作地址状语。
7. B
【分析】句意：斯蒂芬•霍金觉得，地球不大可能是有生命渐渐进化的唯一星球。先行词是planet，限制性定语从句中缺少地址状语，where在此处引导定语从句，且在从句中作地址状语。A、C和D三个选项都不可以在从句中作状语。
8. A
【分析】where是关系副词，表示地址，在定语从句中作地址状语。
II．语法填空
【语篇解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀职员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。
1. attraction
【分析】考查词性转换。但对于像我一样的游客，熊猫是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容词性物主代词its与形容词TOP可知此处应该填动词attract的名词形式attraction，意为＂吸引人之物＂。
2. was allowed
【分析】考查时态和语态。剖析句子结构可知，主语I与动词allow之间存在被动关系，且前一句的＂was＂表明此处应用一般过去时，故填was allowed。
3. officially
【分析】考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词，所以填officially。
4.to
【分析】考查介词。go back to是固定搭配，意为＂追溯到＂。
5.when
【分析】考查定语从句。剖析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。
6. permitted
【分析】考查非谓语动词。剖析句子结构可知，permit与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，故填过去分词permitted作后置定语，等于that/who was permitted。
7. introducing
【分析】考查非谓语动词。动词include后需跟动名词作宾语，所以此空填introducing。
8. its
【分析】考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知，此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。
9. days
【分析】考查名词。由few修饰可数名词复数可知，此空填days。 every few days是＂每隔几天＂的意思。
10.the
【分析】考查冠词。这里考查的是one...the other...这一固定搭配，意为＂一个……另一个……
题组三 体验考试真题
1.B
【分析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不可以说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地址状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
2.One afternoon 
I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
【分析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用when。故将where改为when。
3.where
【分析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里干什么好像比去什么地方（哪所大学）更要紧。这里表达到哪里所大学，表示地址，作状语。故用where。
4. which改成in which或where
【分析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地址状语，故用in which或where。
5.D
【分析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依旧是完整的句子，可判断出引导词在从句中作的是地址状语。用关系副词where。故选D。
6.D
【分析】句意：作为家最小的孩子，Alex一直渴望他可以有独立的时间。这里用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。
7.A
【分析】这里先行词是the fifth grade，指的是时间；后面是when引导的定语从句。句意：我没成为一个认真的攀登者，直到我上小学五年级的时候，那时我爬上去拿一个被挂在树上的风筝。剖析句子结构可知，______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree是定语从句，先行词是the fifth grade，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故选A。
8. A
【分析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的氛围，在这种氛围中，其职员喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，引导词在从句中作地址状语，故用关系副词where。依据句意可知选A。
